Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) Practice Test

A blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL is indicative of profound hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood glucose levels drop significantly below the normal range, which is generally between 70 to 100 mg/dL when fasting. At such low levels, the body may not have enough glucose to meet its energy needs, which can lead to a range of symptoms that may include confusion, sweating, shakiness, irritability, seizures, and even loss of consciousness if not promptly treated.

Understanding the gravity of profound hypoglycemia is crucial for emergency nurses, as it requires immediate intervention. Common treatment options include administering glucose orally if the patient is aware and able to swallow or intravenously in more severe cases.

In contrast, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state would not present with such low blood glucose levels. These conditions are typically associated with higher blood glucose levels, and they involve different metabolic derangements that do not correspond to the indicated blood glucose level of below 40 mg/dL. Addressing hypoglycemia promptly is essential to prevent potential neurological damage or other severe complications.