Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) Practice Test

Profound hypoglycemia, which refers to dangerously low blood sugar levels, can lead to several serious complications if not promptly treated. One of the most significant potential complications is seizures and coma. The brain relies on glucose as its primary source of energy, and when blood sugar levels drop excessively, the brain may not receive enough fuel to function properly. This deficiency can result in neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, seizures, and ultimately loss of consciousness or coma.

Seizures occur when abnormal electrical activity disrupts the normal function of the brain, often triggered by the low glucose levels. If the hypoglycemia remains untreated, the duration and severity of these neurological symptoms can increase, leading to prolonged states of altered consciousness.

The other options do not reflect the immediate and severe consequences of untreated profound hypoglycemia. Cardiac arrest is a critical condition but is more directly linked to severe electrolyte imbalances or ischemia. Severe hyperactivity and weight loss are not typical immediate complications of hypoglycemia; rather, these might arise from other metabolic conditions or prolonged periods of inadequate nutrition. Thus, the most pertinent and direct complication of untreated profound hypoglycemia is indeed seizures and coma.