Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) Practice Test

Cushing's syndrome is a condition that arises from excessive levels of adrenal hormones, particularly cortisol. This overproduction of hormones can result from various factors, such as tumors in the pituitary gland that stimulate the adrenal glands, adrenal tumors that produce cortisol independently, or other sources of excess ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).

The hallmark symptoms associated with Cushing's syndrome include rapid weight gain, particularly in the trunk and face, a characteristic round face often referred to as a "moon face," thinning skin that bruises easily, and increased blood pressure. Additionally, this condition can lead to hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, and changes in mood or cognition.

Understanding the distinction between adrenal hormone excess in Cushing's syndrome and disorders related to insufficient hormone levels, such as Addison's disease, is essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals in emergency care settings. Addison's disease is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal hormones, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation. Hypothyroidism relates to insufficient thyroid hormones, while diabetes mellitus involves issues with insulin production or action, distinct from adrenal hormone regulation. Each of these disorders has its unique set of symptoms and treatment approaches, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis in emergency