Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) Practice Test

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Which condition is characterized by profound dehydration with no acidosis?

Hyperthyroidism

HHS (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state)

The condition characterized by profound dehydration without any acidosis is hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). In HHS, often seen in patients with type 2 diabetes, there is significantly elevated blood glucose levels leading to osmotic diuresis, which results in severe dehydration. However, unlike diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), HHS does not involve the production of ketones, which are responsible for the metabolic acidosis seen in DKA. Thus, patients with HHS maintain a normal arterial pH since there is no significant accumulation of acidosis in their system. This distinction between HHS and DKA is critical in recognizing the clinical presentation and management of these conditions. Additionally, hyperthyroidism and myxedema coma do not primarily present with severe dehydration as a defining feature, making them less relevant in this context.

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DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Myxedema coma

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