Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) Practice Test

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia refer to the presence of undesirable behaviors and experiences that are added to a person's normal functioning. Hallucinations and delusions are classic examples of these symptoms, as they involve distortions of reality. Hallucinations may include hearing voices or seeing things that aren't there, while delusions are firm beliefs that are not based in reality, such as believing one is under constant surveillance or has special powers. These symptoms are significant because they can greatly affect a person's understanding of reality and their ability to function in everyday life.

In contrast, the other symptoms presented in the choices stem from deficits or reductions in typical emotional responses or behaviors, which are categorized as negative symptoms. Apathy, low motivation, flat affect, anhedonia, and impaired communication diminish a person's ability to engage with the world and connect with others, rather than adding new experiences or perceptions. Recognizing the distinction between positive and negative symptoms is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.