Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) Practice Test

The reaction characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move and an inability to sit still is indeed akathisia. This condition often arises as a side effect of medications, particularly antipsychotics, and is distinct from other syndromes that may feature muscular rigidity or altered mental status.

Individuals experiencing akathisia often report feelings of restlessness and an intense need to be in motion, which can lead to significant discomfort and distress. This condition is primarily neurological, impacting the area of the brain responsible for movement and motivation. It is important to recognize akathisia because it can severely affect a patient's quality of life and can lead to noncompliance with treatment if not managed properly.

In contrast, serotonin syndrome is marked by autonomic instability, altered mental status, and neuromuscular abnormalities, while neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a potentially life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics characterized by high fever, muscle rigidity, and altered mental status. A buccolingual crisis, on the other hand, refers to involuntary movements of the tongue and face, typically resulting from certain medications, but does not encompass the broader restlessness characterizing akathisia. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in emergency nursing to provide appropriate treatment and intervention.